1.中国梦
实现中华民族伟大复兴，是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想，我们称之为“中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。中国梦归根到底是人民的梦，人民对美好生活的向往就是中共的奋斗目标。实现中国梦，必须坚持中国道路、弘扬中国精神、凝聚中国力量。中国梦是和平、发展、合作、共赢的梦，不仅造福中国人民，而且造福世界人民。实现中国梦需要每一个中国人付出辛勤劳动和艰苦努力，实干才能梦想成真。
The Chinese Dream
Revitalizing the Chinese nation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since the beginning of modern times. It is called the Chinese Dream. It is a dream of prosperity, of national renewal, and of happiness. Fundamentally, it is a dream of the people, a yearning for a better life and a brighter future. And this is also what the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been striving for.
To make our dream come true, China must continue to follow the Chinese way of development, elevate the Chinese spirit, and boost national cohesion. Our dream is a dream of peace, development, cooperation and prosperity for all, benefiting not only the Chinese people but also the people of the rest of the world. Only by staying focused on achieving real results and making sustained, strenuous efforts can we bring our dream to fruition.
2.“四个全面”
2014年12月，习近平在江苏省调研时，首次明确提出了“四个全面”战略布局，即全面建成小康社会、全面深化改革、全面依法治国、全面从严治党。
这四项工作是紧密联系在一起的：全面建成小康社会是中共十八大提出的总目标，全面深化改革与全面推进依法治国则如鸟之两翼，车之两轮，共同推动全面建成小康社会奋斗目标顺利实现。在这个过程中，全面从严治党则是各项工作顺利推进、各项目标顺利实现的根本保证。“四个全面”战略布局的提出，更完整地展现出中国新一届领导集体治国理政的总体框架。
The Four-Pronged Strategy
The Four-Pronged Strategy was first put forth by Xi Jinping during an inspection tour of Jiangsu Province in December 2014. The strategy calls for completing the process of building a moderately well-off society, pursuing an expanded in-depth reform agenda, implementing a comprehensive framework for promoting the rule of law, and launching an all-out effort to enforce strict Party discipline.
These four components of the strategy are mutually reinforcing. The completion of building the process of a moderately well-off society is the overall goal set by the CPC at its 18th National Congress. The pursuit of further reform and the promotion of the rule of law work side by side, like both wings of a bird or the two wheels of a chariot, to propel the country toward smooth realization of the goal. Efforts to strengthen Party discipline serve to ensure progress in all areas. The strategy provides an overall framework for the exercise of governance by China’s new central leadership.
3.五大发展理念
2015年10月26日至29日在北京召开的十八届五中全会，首次提出了“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的五大发展理念。该理念强调，要把创新摆在国家发展全局的核心位置，要正确处理发展中的重大关系，要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，要奉行互利共赢的开放战略，坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，等等。五大发展理念的提出，集中反映了中国共产党对经济社会发展规律认识的深化，为中国共产党带领全国人民全面建成小康社会提供了有力的思想指导。
Five concepts for development
At its Fifth Plenary Session held from October 26 to 29, 2015, the 18th CPC Central Committee called for “development that is innovation-driven, coordinated, green, oriented toward global progress, and beneficial to all.” Of these five concepts for development, innovation should be given top priority, while interactions between all the individual fields must be properly managed. The basic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection should be respected, as should the principle that opening to the world must be to the benefit of all parties involved. Development should be in the interests of the people, rely on their support, and be of direct benefit to them. The thinking behind the five concepts for development embodies the CPC’s in-depth understanding of the laws of economic and social development, while the concepts offer a theoretical guideline for the leadership in building a moderately well-off society in all respects.
4.全面从严治党
从严治党是中国共产党加强自身建设的一贯要求和优良传统。2014年12月，习近平总书记在江苏考察时，提出了“全面从严治党”的新要求，把管党治党提到前所未有的新高度。所谓“全面”，从内容上来说，就是要覆盖党的思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、反腐倡廉建设和制度建设这五个方面;从主体上来说，就是要覆盖到党的每一级组织、每一个党员。所谓“从严”，就是采用更严格的标准，对党员的要求比对普通民众的要求更严格，党的纪律要比其他团体更严明，党的规定要比一般法规更严格。它的重点在于从严管理监督党的干部。全面从严治党，是新一届中央领导集体治国理政的鲜明特征。它既是“四个全面”战略布局的重要组成部分，又在其中处于关键地位，是其他“三个全面”顺利推进的重要保证。
An all-out effort to enforce strict Party discipline
Strict discipline has always been part of a great tradition of the CPC. While visiting Jiangsu Province in December 2014, Xi Jinping called for an all-out effort to enforce strict discipline, placing new emphasis on the importance of regulating the Party’s own conduct.
An “all-out” effort is meant to cover the five cornerstones of Party development, namely theoretical development, organizational readjustment, work practices, anti-corruption campaigns, and institutional arrangements, and apply to every CPC organization and every CPC member. “Strict” discipline subjects CPC members to higher standards, i.e. standards more demanding than the general laws and regulations applicable to non-Party citizens. The focus is to provide restraints on Party members who hold official positions, and keep their activities under rigorous scrutiny.
An unwavering attention to strengthening Party discipline represents a defining feature of the current central leadership. As one of the components of the Four-Pronged Strategy, the move to enforce discipline helps ensure progress in the other three areas.
5.中国经济新常态
中国经济新常态的三个主要特点：一是从高速增长转为中高速增长。二是经济结构不断优化升级，城乡区域差距逐步缩小，居民收入占比上升，发展成果惠及更广大民众。三是从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动。
新常态给中国带来的影响主要包括：经济增速虽然放缓，实际增量依然可观;经济增长更趋平稳，增长动力更为多元;经济结构优化升级，发展前景更加稳定;中国政府大力简政放权，市场活力进一步释放。
The new normal of China’s economy
The new normal of China’s economy is characterized by: (a) a shift from high growth rates to medium-high growth rates; (b) an on-going process of optimizing and upgrading the economic structure, and narrowing the urban-rural gap, with higher personal income as a share of GDP, and an increasing number of people benefiting from economic development; and (c) a transition from growth driven by input and investment to one driven by innovation.
This new normal would likely lead to, among others, a sizable increase in real output despite slower growth; more stable growth with a more diversified array of growth drivers; an increasingly optimized and upgraded economic structure, and more predictable development prospects; and a further revitalized market as result of the on-going move to streamline government and delegate authorities.
6.“供给侧改革”
2015年11月20日，在中央财经领导小组第十一次会议上，习近平首次提出了“供给侧改革”这一重要理念。 “供给侧”是相对于“需求侧”而言的，它是从供给和生产端入手，通过鼓励企业创新、促进淘汰落后、化解过剩产能、降低税费负担等方式，解放生产力、提升竞争力，从而促进经济发展。“供给侧改革”更加注重经济结构的优化，核心在于提高全要素生产率，政策手段包括简政放权、放松管制、金融改革、国企改革、土地改革、提高创新能力等。“供给侧改革”的提出，旨在加大结构性改革力度，进一步释放内需潜力、激发供给活力，以创新供给带动需求扩展，以扩大有效需求倒逼供给升级，实现稳增长和调结构互为支撑、互促共进。
Supply-side reform
The importance of “supply-side reform” was emphasized by Xi Jinping at the 11th meeting of the CPC Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs on November 10, 2015. Supply-side policies, which focus on supply and production, are often discussed in contrast to a demand-side approach. To improve supply-side performance is to unleash productivity and maintain a competitive edge, with greater innovation, decommissioning of obsolete manufacturing, less overcapacity, and lower tax rates, so as to boost economic growth.
This reform is placing greater emphasis on optimizing the economic structure and enhancing the efficiency of all contributing factors. To this end, measures will be implemented to streamline government and delegate powers, relax macro-regulation, spur innovation, and reform the financial sector, land use rights, and SOEs. The reform plan is designed to accelerate structural change, fuel domestic demand and expand supply. Innovation will be encouraged to generate greater demand, which will in return lead to improvements in supply. Steady growth and structural adjustment should be mutually supportive and proceed in parallel.
7.精准扶贫、精准脱贫
2014年12月11日闭幕的中国中央经济工作会议，首次在中央工作层面明确提出了精准脱贫的概念;2015年6月18日，习近平在贵州调研时强调，扶贫开发“贵在精准，重在精准，成败之举在于精准”，“精准扶贫”随后成为社会各界热议的关键词。2015年11月3日发布的“十三五规划建议”中，进一步作出“实施精准扶贫、精准脱贫”的工作部署。精准脱贫，就是要防止用经济收入的平均数掩盖大多数，而是要更加注重保障基本民生，更加关注低收入群众生活。精准扶贫，则是要做到对贫困人口进行精确识别、精确帮扶，对扶贫工作做到精确管理。中央明确提出精准扶贫、精准脱贫，是因为中国的扶贫开发工作已进入“啃硬骨头、攻坚拔寨”的冲刺期。为了真正实现“精准”目标，习近平提出了“扶贫对象精准、措施到户精准、项目安排精准、资金使用精准、因村派人精准、脱贫成效精准”的具体要求。
Targeted approach to alleviating poverty
At the closure of the Central Economic Work Meeting on December 11, 2014, the central leadership floated the idea of a targeted approach to alleviating poverty. On June 18, 2015, during his visit to Guizhou Province, Xi Jinping once more raised the subject, which he believes will determine the success of the poverty alleviation drive. It has subsequently become a hot topic among the general public. In its Proposal for Formulating the 13th Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, released in November 2015, the 18th CPC Central Committee specified targeted measures to be taken in the coming five years.
Targeted efforts are designed to ensure that average income statistics would not eclipse the true living conditions of many in hardship. Such efforts require attention to detail. Greater emphasis will be laid upon identifying low-income groups in need of assistance, so that they will receive due attention and their basic standard of living will be guaranteed.
The central leadership proposed such a targeted approach at a time when China faces a daunting challenge in its efforts to eliminate the final pockets of poverty across the country. To ensure that poverty reduction efforts are fully effective, Xi Jinping called for policies and programs of assistance to be tailored for the needs of individual families in conjunction with targeted funding and village-specific expert support, and to be pursued with a results-oriented focus.
8.推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
这是中共十八届三中全会提出的全面深化改革的总目标之一。“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化”是一种全新的政治理念，表明中国共产党对社会政治发展规律有了新的认识，是马克思主义国家理论的重要创新，也是中国共产党从革命党转向执政党的重要理论标志。
国家治理体系就是在党领导下管理国家的制度体系，包括经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设等各领域体制机制、法律法规安排，是一整套紧密相连、相互协调的国家制度。
国家治理能力就是运用国家制度管理社会各方面事务的能力，包括改革发展稳定、内政外交国防、治党治国治军等各个方面。
推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化，方向就是中国特色社会主义道路。要大力培育和弘扬社会主义核心价值体系和核心价值观，加快构建充分反映中国特色、民族特性、时代特征的价值体系。
Modernizing the national governance system and capabilities
One of the policy goals of the expanded in-depth reform program set by the 18th CPC Central Committee at its Third Plenary Session in November 2013 is to modernize the national governance system and capabilities. This is a new political concept that reflects the CPC’s new understanding of the sociopolitical dynamics, and represents an important and innovative addition to the Marxist theory of the state. As a theoretical framework it also marks an important transition of the CPC from a revolutionary party to a party in power.
As China’s institutional infrastructure under the leadership of the CPC, the national governance system comprises a full array of interlocking and mutually supplementary mechanisms that address economic, political, cultural, social, ecological, and Party-building issues, as well as legal and normative frameworks.
The national governance capabilities refer to the ability to use the national system to manage state affairs, including domestic and foreign affairs, and issues associated with reform, development, stability, and national defense, and to pursue efforts to build an exemplary Party, a prosperous country and a strong military.
The modernization of the national governance system and capabilities should follow the socialist path with Chinese characteristics. Efforts should be made to foster and promote the core values of Chinese socialism, and accelerate the building of a value system that fully captures what China is, what the Chinese nation stands for, and what our mission today calls for.
9.命运共同体
命运共同体是中国国家主席习近平提出的重要理念之一。截止到2015年5月，他已经60多次公开谈到这一理念。2013年3月，他在莫斯科国际关系学院演讲时，第一次明确提出这一理念。他说：“这个世界，各国相互联系、相互依存的程度空前加深，人类生活在同一个地球村里，生活在历史和现实交汇的同一个时空里，越来越成为你中有我、我中有你的命运共同体。”
2015年3月，他在博鳌的演讲中，提出了迈向命运共同体的“四个坚持”：坚持各国相互尊重、平等相待，坚持合作共赢、共同发展，坚持实现共同、综合、合作、可持续的安全，坚持不同文明兼容并蓄、交流互鉴。早在2013年3月，他在访问坦桑尼亚时谈到：“这段历史告诉我们，中非从来都是命运共同体，共同的历史遭遇，共同的发展任务，共同的战略利益把我们紧紧联系在一起。”
Community with a shared future
Building a community with a shared future is one of the key ideas proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping. By the end of May 2015, he had spoken about this topic on more than 60 occasions. In an address at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in March 2013, he brought up this idea for the first time. He said, “In today’s world, countries are connected to and dependent on one another to a degree never seen before. We all live in the same global village, in a space where the past and the present meet, and in a community with a shared future in which everyone has a little bit of others in him- or herself.”
In his keynote speech at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference in March 2015, President Xi set forth the principles for building a community with a shared future, namely the need for all countries to respect one another and treat each other as equals, cooperate in search of win-win solutions and common development, achieve common, comprehensive, collaborative, and sustainable security, and maintain mutually enriching and beneficial interactions among civilizations in a spirit of inclusiveness. Earlier in March 2013 during his visit to Tanzania, he said that history shows that China and Africa have always found themselves facing similar odds. Similar historical experience, common development tasks and shared strategic interests have bound us together.
10.“一带一路”
“一带一路”是“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的简称。2013年9月和10月，中国国家主席习近出访中亚和东南亚时，分别提出了与相关国家共同建设“新丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的倡议。该倡议以实现“政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通”为主要内容。
为了推进“一带一路”建设，中国在国内成立了推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组，与丝绸之路沿线国家开展了密切协商，并于2015年3月公开发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》。
The Belt and Road Initiative
The Belt and Road Initiative refers to the proposal to build a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. During his visits to Central and Southeast Asia in September and October 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping unveiled the plans to implement this initiative in cooperation with related countries. The five pillars of the concept are policy coordination, connectivity of facilities, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and strengthened people-to-people ties.
A steering group has been set up in China to facilitate the implementation of this initiative, and close consultation has been on-going with the countries along the land and sea Silk Roads. A white paper entitled Vision and Actions on Jointly Building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road was published in March 2015.